Could the human race become infertile?

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I get so many headaches every month.

**SPEAKER_3** (0:32)
It could be chronic migraine, 15 or more headache days a month, each lasting four hours or more.

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**Joseph Chance** (1:35)
Could the human race become infertile?
Thanks for asking.
In April 2023, the World Health Organization released a new report on infertility, which said that around one in six people worldwide experiences it at some point in their lives. The WHO's Director General labelled the phenomenon a major health issue and called for more research in an area that is still understudied and insufficiently funded. The sheer proportion of affected individuals shows the need to expand access to fertility-related care and ensure that this issue is no longer sidelined in health research and policies. The WHO review was based on 133 fertility studies dating between 1990 and 2021, and showed that no region of the wild is spared. What are the causes of such high levels of infertility? Although the WHO report focuses little on the causes of infertility worldwide, they are nevertheless quite varied. There are several known anomalies. Infertility can be related to reproductive organ abnormalities in both men and women, disorders of the endocrine system, viral or bacterial infections, including some sexually transmitted diseases, chromosomal abnormalities and autoimmune disorders. There can also be environmental factors at play. Endocrine disruptors like pesticides can increase the risk of infertility, although they're rarely the sole cause behind a case. However, as many as 30% of infertility cases are simply unexplained, and that's a big part of the reason why the WHO has called for more studies in the area. What treatments are currently available for people with infertility problems? There are three main types. Medicines, surgical procedures and assisted conception. Common fertility medicines include Clomophene, which can stimulate ovulation in women who don't ovulate regularly or in some cases at all. Surgical procedures such as treatment for endometriosis, repair of the fallopian tubes or removal of scarring within the womb or abdominal cavity can also be used. Meanwhile, assisted conception includes intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization or IVF for short. In addition to those treatments, natural infertility treatments such as essential oils and supplements can also be helpful.
What could the consequences be? In developed countries, men have lost over 50% of their sperm production in 40 years. American professor Shana Swan has pointed out that if that trend was to continue, we would reach a median sperm count of zero by 2045 And the bad news is we currently have no treatments to improve sperm production. There are plenty of theories out there as to what's causing it, but no convincing evidence to prove them. HSBC economist James Pomeroy believes the world's population could peak in 2043, and then half by the end of the century, dropping to just 4 billion. However, those scenarios are in stark contrast to projections from the UN, which suggest that the global population could rise to as high as 15 billion by 2100
Even the lowest scenario projects 8 billion. There you have it.
Now you know why some people say the human race could become infertile. In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions and help you understand the true meaning behind the trends, concepts and acronyms that are making headlines. Listen along and you will really know for sure.